The goal is allowing root (or another user) to login as a certain other user without the need of entering a password.
pg_hba.conf:
# TYPE DATABASE USER ADDRESS METHOD
local all all peer map=root_as_others
host all all 127.0.0.1/32 ident map=root_as_others
pg_ident.conf:
# MAPNAME SYSTEM-USERNAME PG-USERNAME
root_as_others root postgres
root_as_others root gis
In /etc/postgresql/8.3/main/pg_hba.conf:
# TYPE DATABASE USER CIDR-ADDRESS METHOD
local all postgres ident rootaspg
local all all ident sameuser
host all all 127.0.0.1/32 md5
host all all ::1/128 md5
In /etc/postgresql/8.3/main/pg_ident.conf:
# MAPNAME IDENT-USERNAME PG-USERNAME
rootaspg root postgres
rootaspg root drupal
rootaspg postgres postgres